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Cold Water · Finland

Åland Islands

Windjammer-era sailing ships and wartime wrecks kept intact in the Baltic

Finland's smallest region is one of the most wreck-dense corners of the Baltic, and local conditions keep its hulls in an unusual state of preservation. Day boats run to windjammer-era sailing ships and wartime wrecks. The recreational list, with the Plus and the Nederland, runs to 35 m, while the Hindenburg, the Notung and the Balder lie deeper, in technical water.

About diving in Åland Islands

The wrecks are reached by boat on day trips planned around what the group wants to see and what the weather allows, and when conditions are good a boat can run a full day out with two dives. Weather decides the day: when the wind blows from the wrong direction for the home port, the skippers can haul the boats out and launch them on the other side of the island to dive in more sheltered conditions, and the Plus is a sheltered fallback. Scuba diving in Åland is a licensed activity, authorised by the Provincial Government, and some wrecks carry their own restrictions on top of that.

Underwater, the draw is the ships. The wrecks mix wartime losses with sailing ships from the era when the islands ran windjammers. The archipelago counts among the most wreck-dense areas of the Baltic, and its low salinity and the absence of shipworm mean old timber hulls are preserved and steel ships break down very slowly. At the Planet the clay seabed can cut the visibility. The water is layered even in summer: on an August dive it held 14 °C from the surface to about 12 m, 8 °C at 35–40 m and 4–5 °C below 40 m.

The area suits divers who come for maritime history and are comfortable in cold, dark water. Recreational divers have their own list of wrecks to 35 m, and the Planet gives a shallower, sheltered option. Below 35 m the list continues into technical depths, down to expedition targets beyond 70 m. No wreck may be entered and nothing may be taken from one, so divers hoping to penetrate holds should look elsewhere.

Best time to dive Åland Islands

Month-by-month season rating for Åland Islands
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Off-seasonOff-seasonOff-seasonOff-seasonGoodGoodGoodPrimeFairOff-seasonOff-seasonOff-season

No diving runs through winter and early spring, when the surface water around Mariehamn averages about 1 °C in February. Diving starts in May and continues through June and July. August is the warmest month, with the surface averaging about 17 °C, and a visit then helps with the water temperature on the wrecks. The season ends in mid-September with a last weekend of recreational dives, after which crew and boats get their maintenance until diving starts again in May.

Best months: August

Dive types & marine life

  • Wreck

Best dive sites in Åland Islands

  1. 1

    Plus

    Wreck lost on a stormy night in 1933 southwest of Mariehamn, lying in 25–37 m.

  2. 2

    Nederland

    Schooner about 35 m long, sunk outside Mariehamn in December 1917.

  3. 3

    Planet

    Schooner lost in 1922 in a sheltered spot in the Rödhamn archipelago, no deeper than 15 m.

  4. 4

    Hindenburg

    German naval icebreaker sunk by a mine in 1918, in 37–47 m; needs a special permit.

  5. 5

    Notung

    Steamship sunk by Russian bombers, with its helm and telegraph still on the bridge, at 40–50 m.

  6. 6

    Balder

    Wooden sailing ship lost in a 1928 storm, standing upright and intact at 65 m.

Site guides

Wreck

Wooden sailing ship standing intact at 65 m, helm upright on the aft deck

to 65 madvanced

German navy icebreaker sunk by a mine frozen into the pack ice

37–47 madvanced

Schooner lost at Marhällan, outside Mariehamn, a week before Christmas 1917

20–24 mintermediate

Wreck

Steamship sunk by Russian bombers, its helm and telegraph still on the bridge

40–50 madvanced

Wreck

Sheltered schooner wreck in the Rödhamn archipelago, out of the wind

to 15 mbeginner

Wreck

A Laeisz sailing ship from Blohm & Voss that sank within minutes in a storm

25–37 madvanced

How to get to Åland Islands

Mariehamn Airport, the only one in Åland with scheduled service, has daily flights from Helsinki, Turku and Stockholm Arlanda. Ferries on the main Sweden route run from Stockholm to Mariehamn or Långnäs. The dive centres are based in Mariehamn.

Dive videos

Episode 21: Back to the Baltic: Åland · Baltic Circle Diving on YouTube

Questions divers ask

Is a permit needed to dive the wrecks in Åland?+

Yes. Scuba diving in Åland is subject to authorisation by the Provincial Government, the Hindenburg needs a special permit of its own, and no wreck may be entered or have anything taken from it.

Which Åland wrecks suit recreational divers?+

The recreational list ends at 35 m. The Nederland lies in 20–24 m and the Plus in 25–37 m, and the Planet, no deeper than 15 m at a sheltered site, is the shallow option.

When is the diving season in Åland?+

The boats run from May to mid-September. August is the warmest month, with the surface averaging about 17 °C, while the water below 40 m stays at 4–5 °C even then.

How do divers get to Mariehamn?+

By air to Mariehamn Airport, with daily flights from Helsinki, Turku and Stockholm Arlanda, or by ferry from Stockholm to Mariehamn or Långnäs.

Sources

  1. Wrecks of Åland — Baltic Sea portal (SYKE, Metsähallitus, Finnish Heritage Agency)
  2. A-list Åland Diving - Wreck Diver — Divernet
  3. Dykning – Divealand — Divealand
  4. Vrakguide – Divealand — Divealand
  5. Divealand — Divealand
  6. Baltic Scuba — Baltic Scuba
  7. Åland – Wikivoyage — Wikivoyage
  8. Water temperature in Mariehamn — seatemperature.info
  9. Kontakt – Baltic Scuba — Baltic Scuba

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