Reefwander
Turquoise cove and white sand beach on Smart Island in the Mergui Archipelago

Southeast Asia · Myanmar

Mergui Archipelago

Remote liveaboard-only archipelago with the shark-rich Burma Banks seamount

Photo: Bobomyeik · CC BY-SA 4.0

Some 800 mostly uninhabited islands scatter across Myanmar's remote southern Andaman coast, reachable only by liveaboard out of Kawthaung or Myeik. Granite islands drop into rarely-dived reefs, and the offshore Burma Banks seamount pulls in grey reef sharks and schooling pelagics over its shallow plateau. Because the region only opened to diving in the 1990s and still sees relatively few boats, coral cover and fish biomass are noticeably higher than on Thailand's busier coast nearby.

About diving in Mergui Archipelago

Diving here is a boat trip in the fullest sense. Immigration is cleared at Kawthaung, you board for the better part of a week, and everything afterwards happens from the mothership and its tenders: no dive shops, no walking away from a bad day, no changing your mind on day three. Operators plan around long overnight steams between island groups and fit in three or four dives a day where the anchorage allows. Itineraries are usually rewritten mid-trip around wind and swell rather than published in advance.

The rock sets up two different kinds of dive. The islands are largely granite, and the same stone carries on underwater as stacked boulders, gullies and gaps wide enough to swim, with soft coral where water moves and sponge in the shade. Away from land, isolated pinnacles rise out of open water and behave like small mountains: current splits around them and fish stack up on the exposed side. The offshore banks sit far from any island, so a dive there begins and ends in blue, and the steam out to them is long enough that not every itinerary includes them.

What the region trades away is predictability. The water is often green rather than clear, and the plankton behind that is also what feeds the fish, so some of the better animal encounters come on the least photogenic days. Inshore, silty bays with rubble and scattered coral heads are the macro ground, and where night dives get scheduled when the outer sites are unworkable. Sites rarely have another boat on them, which also means nobody has been out to check conditions ahead of you.

That suits divers already comfortable in moving water, with descents down a line into blue and the occasional negative entry when a pinnacle has to be hit first time. Depth is not the problem, since most of the diving falls in the 12 to 30 metre band. Distance is: the nearest recompression facilities are back in Thailand, and reaching them means steaming to Kawthaung first. Anyone who needs dependable visibility, easy exits or a fixed schedule will be happier elsewhere.

Best time to dive Mergui Archipelago

Mergui Archipelago season rating, sea surface temperature, daytime high and rainfall by month, 2011–2025 averages
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
SeasonPrimePrimePrimeGoodOff-seasonOff-seasonOff-seasonOff-seasonOff-seasonOff-seasonGoodPrime
Sea surface28°C82°F28°C82°F29°C84°F30°C86°F30°C86°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F28°C82°F29°C84°F29°C84°F28°C82°F
Daytime high29°C84°F29°C84°F30°C86°F31°C88°F31°C88°F30°C86°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F30°C86°F29°C84°F
Rain47 mm1.9 in34 mm1.3 in43 mm1.7 in86 mm3.4 in283 mm11.1 in331 mm13.0 in388 mm15.3 in331 mm13.0 in332 mm13.1 in237 mm9.3 in180 mm7.1 in74 mm2.9 in
Mergui Archipelago season rating, sea surface temperature, daytime high and rainfall by month, January to June, 2011–2025 averages
JanFebMarAprMayJun
PrimePrimePrimeGoodOff-seasonOff-season
Sea surface
28°C82°F28°C82°F29°C84°F30°C86°F30°C86°F29°C84°F
Daytime high
29°C84°F29°C84°F30°C86°F31°C88°F31°C88°F30°C86°F
Rain
47 mm1.9 in34 mm1.3 in43 mm1.7 in86 mm3.4 in283 mm11.1 in331 mm13.0 in
Mergui Archipelago season rating, sea surface temperature, daytime high and rainfall by month, July to December, 2011–2025 averages
JulAugSepOctNovDec
Off-seasonOff-seasonOff-seasonOff-seasonGoodPrime
Sea surface
29°C84°F29°C84°F28°C82°F29°C84°F29°C84°F28°C82°F
Daytime high
29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F30°C86°F29°C84°F
Rain
388 mm15.3 in331 mm13.0 in332 mm13.1 in237 mm9.3 in180 mm7.1 in74 mm2.9 in

2011–2025 averages. Sea surface: NOAA Coral Reef Watch, measured at the surface, so deeper water can run colder. Daytime high and rain: NASA POWER.

Myanmar's Andaman coast is only accessible by liveaboard November-April; cyclone risk and rough seas close the region the rest of the year.

Best months: January, February, March, December

Mergui Archipelago water temperature and weather by month

The sea surface stays between 28 and 30 °C (82–86 °F) all year. Most rain falls from May to October, peaking at about 390 mm (15 in) in July; it stays largely dry from December to April. Daytime highs sit around 29 °C (84 °F) all year. The coldest water here is about 26 °C (79 °F), so pack a 3 mm full suit.

Dive types & marine life

Reef sharks, schooling barracuda and trevally and eagle rays over the sand are what boats push offshore for. Manta and whale shark encounters are most often reported late in the season, roughly February to April, as plankton builds. Napoleon wrasse, groupers and turtles turn up across the whole November-April window, while the silty inshore bays hold nudibranchs, octopus and cuttlefish.

  • Reef
  • Wall
  • Drift
  • Pelagic & blue water
  • Seamount
  • Muck & macro
  • Manta rays
  • Whale sharks
  • Reef sharks
  • Eagle rays
  • Barracuda
  • Trevally & jacks
  • Groupers
  • Napoleon wrasse
  • Nudibranchs
  • Octopus & cuttlefish
  • Sea turtles

Best dive sites in Mergui Archipelago

Seamount

Silvertip and nurse sharks off the edge of an open-ocean bank

15–30 madvanced

Cave & cavern

A 20 m tunnel through the island with nurse sharks in the lower chamber

5–25 m · max 30 madvanced

Cave & cavern

A tunnel through the island with three-metre nurse sharks inside

12–25 m · max 40 madvanced
  • Black Rock

    Isolated pinnacle with manta ray cleaning stations and strong current

How to get to Mergui Archipelago

Trips usually start with the short boat crossing from Ranong in Thailand to Kawthaung, where immigration is handled on the way in and again on the way out; some boats work from Myeik further north instead. Itineraries run several days at a minimum, and permits, government fees and departure dates are set by the operator rather than booked piecemeal.

Dive videos

Diving and Sailing the Mergui Archipelago, Myanmar (Burma) · Sven Sellmann on YouTube

Photo credits

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