Reefwander
View over the Gulf of Procchio on Elba, with wooded hills framing a blue bay

Mediterranean · Italy

Elba & the Tuscan Archipelago

A 62 m merchant wreck lying in 2–12 m of water off Pomonte beach

Photo: CTHOE · CC BY-SA 3.0

Elba is the main island of the Tuscan Archipelago National Park, a car-ferry ride from Piombino. The signature dive is the Elviscot, a 62 m timber freighter that struck the Scoglio dell'Ògliera off Pomonte on 10 January 1972 and lies on sand in 2–12 m, close enough to swim out to from the beach. Deeper ground rings the island: Formiche della Zanca is a vertical wall from 20 to 40 m thick with red gorgonian, and the Scoglietto di Portoferraio rockfall has had no fishing since 1971. Pianosa is dived only on a quota-limited park programme that runs April to November.

About diving in Elba & the Tuscan Archipelago

The centres are spread around the harbour towns rather than gathered in one base: Portoferraio, Biodola and Procchio, Marciana Marina, Sant'Andrea, Marina di Campo, Capoliveri, Porto Azzurro and Rio, and the national park lists a dozen of them as authorised for Pianosa in recent years. Most diving is by day boat to the walls and secche off the nearest stretch of coast, so the base sets which sites are dived. Shore entries exist where the ground allows: the Elviscot is reached by swimming out from the Spiaggia del Relitto at Pomonte, Morcone Bay near Capoliveri is walked into from the beach for training dives in 2–10 m, and Sant'Andrea has a shallow sandy entry used for the same.

The rock continues underwater as walls, rockfalls and shoals. Formiche della Zanca is a vertical wall from 20 to 40 m thick with red gorgonian; Picchi di Pablo runs from 8 to 33 m with white and yellow gorgonians and shrimp-covered yellow sponges; the Secca di Fetovaia and the Scoglio del Remaiolo rise from about 50 m to around 10 m. Capo Stella carries grouper, moray, red gorgonian and red coral to 41 m, and Le Coralline has red coral at a depth unusual for the island. The Scoglietto di Portoferraio, a rockfall in 20–35 m with no fishing since 1971, is described as the one ground on Elba where fish are truly abundant: barracuda in numbers, bream, dentex, grouper, moray and lobster.

It suits divers who want a shallow, enterable wreck and gorgonian walls within Advanced limits, and the shore bays take beginners. Pianosa is a different proposition: under the park's 2026 rules it is dived only on guided visits booked through an authorised Elba centre, boat-only and moored on six fixed buoys, open from 1 April to late November, with no more than six divers per guide, no first-level certifications and no centre on the island. Divers after big animals or drift diving should look elsewhere; Ripalti's strong current restricts the site rather than making a drift of it. Some centres also run full-day outings to Capraia's deeper pinnacles.

Best time to dive Elba & the Tuscan Archipelago

Elba & the Tuscan Archipelago season rating, sea surface temperature, daytime high and rainfall by month, 2011–2025 averages
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
SeasonFairFairFairFairGoodPrimePrimePrimePrimeGoodFairFair
Sea surface15°C59°F14°C57°F14°C57°F15°C59°F18°C64°F23°C73°F26°C79°F26°C79°F24°C75°F22°C72°F19°C66°F17°C63°F
Daytime high16°C61°F15°C59°F16°C61°F19°C66°F23°C73°F27°C81°F29°C84°F29°C84°F27°C81°F23°C73°F21°C70°F17°C63°F
Rain40 mm1.6 in48 mm1.9 in54 mm2.1 in45 mm1.8 in45 mm1.8 in22 mm0.9 in27 mm1.1 in31 mm1.2 in45 mm1.8 in74 mm2.9 in100 mm3.9 in50 mm2.0 in
Elba & the Tuscan Archipelago season rating, sea surface temperature, daytime high and rainfall by month, January to June, 2011–2025 averages
JanFebMarAprMayJun
FairFairFairFairGoodPrime
Sea surface
15°C59°F14°C57°F14°C57°F15°C59°F18°C64°F23°C73°F
Daytime high
16°C61°F15°C59°F16°C61°F19°C66°F23°C73°F27°C81°F
Rain
40 mm1.6 in48 mm1.9 in54 mm2.1 in45 mm1.8 in45 mm1.8 in22 mm0.9 in
Elba & the Tuscan Archipelago season rating, sea surface temperature, daytime high and rainfall by month, July to December, 2011–2025 averages
JulAugSepOctNovDec
PrimePrimePrimeGoodFairFair
Sea surface
26°C79°F26°C79°F24°C75°F22°C72°F19°C66°F17°C63°F
Daytime high
29°C84°F29°C84°F27°C81°F23°C73°F21°C70°F17°C63°F
Rain
27 mm1.1 in31 mm1.2 in45 mm1.8 in74 mm2.9 in100 mm3.9 in50 mm2.0 in

2011–2025 averages. Sea surface: NOAA Coral Reef Watch, measured at the surface, so deeper water can run colder. Daytime high and rain: NASA POWER.

The season runs May–September with a warm October; the sea bottoms out near 14 °C in February–March, spring and autumn winds push boats to sheltered sites, and Pianosa's buoys open April–November.

Best months: June, July, August, September

Elba water temperature and weather by month

The sea surface runs from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. It is 24 °C (75 °F) or warmer from July to September. Most rain falls from October to December, peaking at about 100 mm (3.9 in) in November; June and July are the driest. Daytime highs reach 29 °C (84 °F) in August and drop to 15 °C (59 °F) in February. The coldest water here is about 13 °C (55 °F), so pack a 7 mm suit with a hood, or a semi-dry.

Dive types & marine life

The reliable draw is fixed life: red gorgonian on the Formiche della Zanca wall, shrimp-covered sponges at Picchi di Pablo, red coral at Capo Stella and in the shallows at Le Coralline, and yellow cluster anemone in the rock clefts of Pianosa's SP3 wall. Grouper, moray, octopus and lobster hold on the rock, and the Scoglietto no-fishing zone has barracuda in numbers with bream and dentex.

  • Wreck
  • Wall
  • Reef
  • Groupers
  • Barracuda
  • Reef fish swarms
  • Octopus & cuttlefish
  • Nudibranchs
  • Macro critters

Best dive sites in Elba & the Tuscan Archipelago

Walk-in shore bay near Capoliveri in 2–10 m, with turtles since 2021

2–10 mbeginner

A protected carbonate wall from 40 m to 4 m, dived only on guided park visits

4–40 madvanced

A vertical wall from a 6 m anchorage to a shrimp-filled cave at 30 m

6–30 m · max 33 mintermediate

Pinnacle

Solitary boulders from 12 m to 40 m in strong current, for experienced divers

20–40 madvanced

A plaque of Christ at 39 m on a red-gorgonian wall in a 1971 no-fishing zone

to 39 madvanced

An outcropping rock with an Open Water north side and a ridge sinking to 50 m

to 50 mintermediate

A shoal off Fetovaia beach rising from 50 m to 10 m with large red gorgonians

10–50 madvanced

A shoal 100 m off Fonza beach: cap at 4 m, east wall straight to sand at 40 m

4–40 madvanced
  • Capo Stella

    Split dive off Isola Corbella: an easier south side to 35 m, a north side past 40 m with grouper and red coral.

How to get to Elba & the Tuscan Archipelago

Elba is reached by Toremar and Moby car ferries from Piombino, and Marina di Campo airport has scheduled flights from Pisa and Florence with a seasonal Milan Linate link. Dive centres sit in harbour towns all round the island, from Portoferraio to Marina di Campo, Capoliveri and Rio, so the base decides which coast is dived. Pianosa is a boat day out with an authorised centre.

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