Reefwander
Aerial view of deep blue ocean over the Banua Wuhu submarine volcano with reef patches breaking the surface

Coral Triangle · Indonesia

Sangihe — Banua Wuhu

Hot gas vents stream through the reef from an active submarine volcano

Photo: Neverjudge · CC BY-SA 4.0

The Sangihe chain runs north from Sulawesi towards the Philippines, and off the island of Mahangetang an active submarine volcano called Banua Wuhu reaches to within a few metres of the surface. Gas vents through the reef in continuous streams of hot bubbles that divers can put their hands into, the rock around them sulphur-stained and warm to the touch. Beyond the volcano the chain is a string of current-swept walls that almost nobody dives.

About diving in Sangihe — Banua Wuhu

Diving Sangihe means committing to a boat for the whole trip. Charters are put together down in North Sulawesi, usually dive Bunaken or Bangka on the way out, then steam north overnight, so two of the days go to passage rather than reef. Once the boat is up in the chain the rhythm settles into three or four dives a day off tenders, timed by the tide rather than the clock, with the vessel shifting each evening to whichever island offers a lee. Nothing can be walked to, and when a site turns out to be unworkable there is no second option nearby.

The islands are the exposed tops of volcanoes, so the underwater shape is steep almost everywhere: dark rock falling away from a narrow fringing shelf, cut by ridges and sand chutes. What separates one site from the next is exposure. The inner, sheltered sides hold shallow coral and rubble that stay comfortable in most conditions, while outward-facing rock sits in moving water and gets dived as a one-way pass with the boat following bubbles. Guides read the tide before every entry, and a plan can change once the crew has looked at the water.

The signature here is thermal rather than a big-animal encounter. Banua Wuhu is a listed active volcano, credited with throwing up short-lived islands during eruptions in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the dive over its shallow summit is a slow one spent working out where the ground is venting and where it is simply reef. Around that, the draw is the absence of anyone else: no other boats at a site, and villages rather than resorts along the shore. It suits divers already comfortable being dropped into moving water, travelling without a fixed schedule, and willing to give up two days to passage.

Best time to dive Sangihe — Banua Wuhu

Sangihe — Banua Wuhu season rating, sea surface temperature, daytime high and rainfall by month, 2011–2025 averages
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
SeasonFairFairGoodPrimePrimePrimePrimePrimeGoodGoodFairFair
Sea surface29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F30°C86°F30°C86°F30°C86°F29°C84°F29°C84°F30°C86°F30°C86°F29°C84°F
Daytime high29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F
Rain196 mm7.7 in140 mm5.5 in133 mm5.2 in115 mm4.5 in146 mm5.7 in193 mm7.6 in203 mm8.0 in121 mm4.8 in106 mm4.2 in124 mm4.9 in131 mm5.2 in173 mm6.8 in
Sangihe — Banua Wuhu season rating, sea surface temperature, daytime high and rainfall by month, January to June, 2011–2025 averages
JanFebMarAprMayJun
FairFairGoodPrimePrimePrime
Sea surface
29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F30°C86°F30°C86°F
Daytime high
29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F
Rain
196 mm7.7 in140 mm5.5 in133 mm5.2 in115 mm4.5 in146 mm5.7 in193 mm7.6 in
Sangihe — Banua Wuhu season rating, sea surface temperature, daytime high and rainfall by month, July to December, 2011–2025 averages
JulAugSepOctNovDec
PrimePrimeGoodGoodFairFair
Sea surface
30°C86°F29°C84°F29°C84°F30°C86°F30°C86°F29°C84°F
Daytime high
29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F29°C84°F
Rain
203 mm8.0 in121 mm4.8 in106 mm4.2 in124 mm4.9 in131 mm5.2 in173 mm6.8 in

2011–2025 averages. Sea surface: NOAA Coral Reef Watch, measured at the surface, so deeper water can run colder. Daytime high and rain: NASA POWER.

Mar–Sep is the settled window for the crossing north from Manado; the north-west monsoon closes the chain from December to February.

Best months: April, May, June, July, August

Sangihe water temperature and weather by month

The sea surface stays between 29 and 30 °C (84–86 °F) all year. Rain falls through the year, about 150 mm (5.9 in) a month on average, with July the wettest. Daytime highs sit around 29 °C (84 °F) all year. The coldest water here is about 27 °C (81 °F), so pack a 3 mm, or even a 2 mm, suit.

Dive types & marine life

Reef sharks, jacks and barracuda hold on the exposed outward-facing rock, which needs the settled March-to-September window to be dived comfortably at all; turtles and dense reef fish are constant. The sheltered shallows carry the nudibranchs and other macro, and stay divable whenever the crossing itself is possible.

  • Reef
  • Wall
  • Drift
  • Coral garden
  • Pelagic & blue water
  • Pristine corals
  • Reef fish swarms
  • Nudibranchs
  • Macro critters
  • Sea turtles
  • Reef sharks
  • Trevally & jacks
  • Barracuda

Best dive sites in Sangihe — Banua Wuhu

Seamount

Summit of an active volcano, 5 metres below the surface

to 5 mintermediate

Vertical seamount wall dived at 25–30 m in swirling current

25–30 madvanced

Coral garden

Coral garden and seagrass meadow at 10–15 m in clear water

10–15 mintermediate

Coral garden

Coral, Montipora and sponge garden from 2 m down to 20 m

2–20 mintermediate

Coral at 10–15 m with 20–25 m visibility between two islets

10–15 mintermediate

Coral garden

Montipora stands at 20 m off an uninhabited coral islet

6–20 mintermediate

Seamount wall from 24 to 40 m with a wreck and twin anchors

24–40 madvanced

Swim through submerged doorways and tunnels at about 25 m

15–40 madvanced
  • Mahangetang

    The village island above the volcano, with shallow reef and sand.

How to get to Sangihe — Banua Wuhu

Manado in North Sulawesi is the gateway, with charters leaving from there or from nearby Bitung. Public ferries also serve Tahuna on Sangihe itself, but there is little dive infrastructure ashore and no dependable way to reach the outer islands independently. The north-west monsoon effectively shuts the chain from December to February.

Photos from Sangihe — Banua Wuhu

  • Miriam Grandauer · CC BY-SA 4.0

  • Miriam Grandauer · CC BY-SA 4.0

  • Marwan Mohamad · CC BY-SA 4.0

Dive videos

Exploring Mahengetang Underwater Volcano in Sangihe Islands, North Sulawesi, Indonesia · TAGAROA DIVE CENTER on YouTube

Discovering New Dive Sites in Sangihe Island · TAGAROA DIVE CENTER on YouTube

Photo credits

Embed

Run a dive centre, club or blog? Embed this map of 9 dive sites near Sangihe on your own page.

Similar destinations

Coral Triangle

Marovo Lagoon

Solomon Islands

Step off a jetty into the world's largest lagoon, or cross to open ocean

28–30°C · 82–86°Fvis 40 m · 130 ftintermediate

Coral Triangle

The world's third-largest atoll, and a wall running the length of Selayar

27–30°C · 81–86°Fvis 40 m · 130 ftintermediate

Coral Triangle

Apo Reef

Philippines

The world's second-largest contiguous coral reef, closed to fishing

27–30°C · 81–86°Fvis 30 m · 100 ftintermediate

Coral Triangle

Cabilao

Philippines

Walls from 5 m past 60, and a dive base of its own

27–30°C · 81–86°Fvis 35 m · 115 ftintermediate